Increased muscle mass. Testosterone stimulates protein synthesis which increases muscle growth and therefore muscle mass leading to increased strength and improved physical performance. Increasing testosterone, even absent any change in activity level, results in such changes but when activity level is increased the results are amplified.
Maintenance of bone density. Adequate testosterone is necessary to maintain bone density. Testosterone plays a major role in the regulation of bone remodeling, the process of replacing old bone with new bone. This is important for maintaining bone mass, preventing the development of osteoporosis, and reducing the risk of fractures with aging.
Regulation of body fat. Inadequate testosterone leads to the accumulation of body fat specifically in the abdominal region (visceral fat) which poses the most significant health risks. By increasing testosterone levels fat mass can be reduced and the potential health risks associated with it mitigated.
Enhanced sexual function. Testosterone plays an important role in sexuality from desire to erectile function. Insufficient testosterone can lead to a lack of interest in sex or an inability to perform sexually. A thorough evaluation is needed to determine if low testosterone is the cause but, if so, increasing testosterone levels can help alleviate those unwanted symptoms.
Improved physical performance. There is a reason that testosterone is banned in most professional athletic organizations. It has many performance-enhancing benefits which in competition could provide unfair advantages. The effects on muscle mass, bone density, and fat distribution have already been discussed but are specifically relevant here as well. Additionally, testosterone increases red blood cell production resulting in improved oxygen delivery during exercise and reduced recovery times by repairing and rebuilding muscle.
Increased energy. There are a lot of reasons that testosterone improves energy levels, several of which have already been discussed. In addition, testosterone plays an important role in increasing metabolic rate and improving sleep quality both of which positively impact energy and overall vitality.
Enhanced mental focus, motivation, and general sense of well-being. Testosterone has been associated with overall improvements in mood and mental capacity. Specifically, it has strong links to motivation, cognitive function, and stress resiliency.
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